Definition :
A type of blood cell that forms in the bone marrow and is found in the blood. Red blood cells compress the protein wells of this hemoglobin, which contains oxygen from the lungs and all the elements of the body.. Checking the number of red blood cells in the blood is usually part of a complete blood count (CBC) test. It can be used to treat conditions such as anemia, dehydration, malnutrition, and leukemia. It is likewise known as erythrocyte and RBC.
Red blood cell size?
Shape:
Anisocytosis:
This is a variation in the size of RBCs. This could be a sign of anemiaLarge RBCs that may be caused by vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. They are seen in megaloblastic anemia (eg, pernicious anemia), chronic alcoholism, liver disease, thyroid disease, and myelodysplastic syndromes.
Microcytosis:
This is the presence of small RBCs usually caused by an inherited disorder such as iron deficiency anemia or thalassemia.Poikilocytosis is a variation in the morphology of RBCs and may involve several different abnormalities at the same time.
Acanthocytes (spur or spiculated cells):
Irregularly shaped cells with 5-10 spicules; May be present in the blood of people who have had their spleen removed (splenectomy) or have liver disease. They are also present in a hereditary disorder called abetalipoproteinemia.
Echinocytes (burr or crenated):
May have 10-30 blunt projections and are often seen in people with kidney failure. There may be something arising during sample preparation.
What are the common treatments for red blood cell disorders,
Treatment for purple blood cell problems varies primarily based on the diagnosis and severity of the condition.. Treatment limitations include:
What are the common symptoms of red blood cell conditions
*Fatigue
*Muscular weakness.
*Lack of energy.
*Headache or dizziness.
*Blurred vision.
*Cold hands and feet.
Elliptocytes (ovalocyte):
Oval-shaped RBCs seen in hereditary elliptocytosis and various anemias, myelofibrosis.
Scattered cells (schistocytes, helmet cells):
Scattered RBCs of various shapes may be seen in people with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hemolytic uremic syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, or a vascular prosthesis (artificial heart). are .
Rouleaux:
RBCs that appear as clumps of coins and are seen in people with multiple myeloma or Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia due to increased serum protein.
Sickle cells:
Crescent-formed RBCs which are function of sickle mobileular anemia.
Target cells:
RBCs that resemble a bull's eye. Commonly seen in people with inherited forms of hemoglobin abnormalities (haemoglobinopathies), thalassemia, various anemias and liver disease.
Tear cells (dacrocytes):
RBCs that resemble teardrops. Often visible in humans with my elofibrosis and thalassemia.
Spherocytes:
Spheroid-shaped RBCs often present in immune hemolytic anemia or hereditary spherocytosis. the color
Hypochromia/hypochromasia:
This can be seen in several disorders including thalassemia and iron deficiency. RBCs are yellow due to insufficient hemoglobin and have a large, hollow center (yellow center) of the cell.
Hyperchromia/hyperchromasia:
RBC color is darker than normal due to higher than normal concentration of hemoglobin inside the cell. This may be due to dehydration or the presence of spherocytes.
Polychromasia:
Blue-stained RBCs that reflect increased RNA content, indicating that they are immature due to early removal from the bone marrow.
Nucleated RBC (NRBC, Normoblasts):
An immature form of RBCs seen when there is an increased demand for RBCs To be launched via way of means of the bone marrow, or whilst there may be marrow involvement via way of means of fibrosis or tumor. May be seen in severe anemia, myelofibrosis, thalassemia, miliary tuberculosis, cancer involving the bone marrow, and chronic low oxygen levels (hypoxemia). Newborn RBCs may be normal in newborns for the first two or three days after birth.
Reticulocytes:
These are immature RBCs that are usually stained blue (polychromatic) in color. Some of these young red blood cells are normal in the circulation, but they may be present in elevated numbers with severe anemia, hypoxia, RBC destruction, sickle cell disease, and glucose-6-phosphate. are dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Siderocyte, sideroblast, ring sideroblast:
Iron granules are visible when RBCs are stained with Prussian blue dye. Sideroblasts are immature siderocytes and may actually produce a color pattern indicative of sideroblastic anemia.Basophilic stippling (punctate basophilia) has dark blue dots inside the RBC. Due to abnormal accumulation of ribosomes and polyribosomes and can be present in heavy metal intoxication (such as lead), thalassemia and many other anemias.
Heinz bodies:
Large inclusion bodies (granules) in RBCs when stained with a supravital stain such as crystal violet. Often visible withinside the placing of an enzyme (G6PD) deficiency, drug-prompted hemolysis, or volatile hemoglobin disease. Howell-Jolly bodies (small, round remnants of nuclear DNA inside the cell): are present in sickle cell anemia, hemolytic or megaloblastic anemia, and may be seen after a splenectomy.
Cabot ring:
Abnormal thread-like inclusions that form a loop or figure-of-eight structure within the RBC. Can be seen in a type of anemia.
Malaria parasites:
In people with malaria, these parasites live inside RBCs and can be seen on a blood smear. This is not a routine search. These parasites are usually found in people who live in or travel to areas where the disease is endemic.
What causes a high red blood cell count?
Factors that contribute to an increase in the number of red blood cells:
smoking cigarettes
Living at high altitudes.
Taking performance-enhancing drugs (anabolic steroids).
Dehydration
A medical condition including heart or lung disease.
What causes a low red blood cell count?
Contributing causes of a low red blood cell count include:
*Vitamin deficiency (iron, B9 and B12).
*Nutrition.
*Pre-existing medical conditions or cancer treatment (chemotherapy).
Medications that can increase the RBC count include:
Anabolic steroids
Erythropoietin
Gentamicin
Testosterone
Medications that can lower the RBC count include:
*Chemotherapy drugs
*Chloramphenicol and some other antibiotics
*Hydantoins
*Methyldopa
*Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
*Quinidine
1 Comments
ReplyDeletenice
Thank you